The dominant bacterial taxa on the skin of healthy adults are characterized by the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, particularly the genera Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium ( 16, 19). Core reasons why skin microbiota changes with age are related to human physiology and increased influence of external factors, such as pets and living environment ( 18). Lactobacillales is the dominant order on the skin of 1-year-old children, and the diversity of the skin microbiota increases with age ( 18). Whereas the gut microbiota of 1-year-old children are dominated by Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Anaerostipes ( 15), healthy adult gut microbiota are characterized by the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, particularly the genera Bacteroides and Prevotella ( 16, 17).
Our findings suggest that biodiversity intervention enhances immunoregulatory pathways and provide an incentive for future prophylactic approaches to reduce the risk of immune-mediated diseases in urban societies.Įarly life determinants of gut microbiota include birth mode, genetics, use of antibiotics, diet, and other environmental factors ( 14). The plasma IL-10:IL-17A ratio increased among intervention children during the trial.
The intervention diversified both the environmental and skin Gammaproteobacterial communities, which, in turn, were associated with increases in plasma TGF-β1 levels and the proportion of regulatory T cells. Children in standard urban and nature-oriented daycare centers were analyzed for comparison. We analyzed changes in the skin and gut microbiota and blood immune markers of children during a 28-day biodiversity intervention.
This study is the first human intervention trial in which urban environmental biodiversity was manipulated to examine its effects on the commensal microbiome and immunoregulation in children. As the incidence of immune-mediated diseases has increased rapidly in developed societies, there is an unmet need for novel prophylactic practices to fight against these maladies.
0 kommentar(er)
